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India Geography |
| India is fortunate in
possessing one of the world's most extensive and fertile
lands, made up of the alluvial soil brought down in
the form of fine silt by the mighty rivers. Lying south
of the Himalayas, these Great North Indian Plains consist
of the Indus basin, the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin, and
the tributaries of these mighty river systems.
To the south of the Great
Plains of northern India lie the Great Plateau of Peninsular
India, which is divided into two parts, namely, the
Malwa Plateau and the Deccan Plateau. The Malwa plateau
bounded by the Aravalli hills in the northwest and the
Vindhyas in the south form the northern half of this
peninsula. |
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The Chota Nagpur region forms the northeastern
part of this plateau and is the richest mineral producing
region of India. The valley of the Narmada River forms
the southern boundary of this plateau. The Deccan plateau
extends from the Satpura hills in the north to Kanyakumari,
the southernmost tip of mainland India, finally ending
in the Indian Ocean.
Towards the west of this plateau lie the Western Ghats
comprising of the Sahyadri, the Nilgiri, the Annamalai
and the Cardamom Hills. On the eastern side, this plateau
merges into a layer of discontinuous low hills known as
the Mahendra Giri hills forming the Eastern Ghats.
Narrow coastal plains
along the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal flank the
Deccan Plateau on its eastern and western sides, respectively.
The Western coastal plains lie between the Western Ghats
and the Arabian Sea, further split into the northern
Konkan Coast and the southern Malabar Coast. The eastern
coastal plains, on the other hand, lie between the Eastern
Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
Towards the western half of India lies a vast
stretch of land that is divided by the Aravalli Mountains
into two separate units. The area west of the Aravalli
comprises of the Thar Desert; made up of sand and interrupted
by rocky hills and waterless valleys, this arid land,
extend deep into Pakistan. The state of Gujarat lies
to the east of this range and is one of the most prosperous
regions in India.
These mainland areas
apart, India has two groups of islands-the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep
islands in the Arabian Sea.
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Delhi
